Using ultrasonic sensor without arduino Parts list: IC 555 IC KA2284 LED(5pcs) Ultrasonic receiver & transmitter Resistor 1K Resistor 2.2K Resistor 10K Resistor 100 ohm Potentiometer 10K (2pcs) Capacitor 10uF (4pcs) Capacitor 3.3nF Transistor 2N2222 Buzzer There are 2 ways to using Ultrasonic sensor without microcontroller: First way, the buzzer turns ON when you put your hand near the sensor Second way the LED bar show you the distance level between the sensor and the objects. Video: More information in the video
Electronic load using Op-Amp IC 358 In this circuit i using IC 358 and some few components to make a simple constant load. The trick here is connecting a dc voltmeter to the non-inverting input of the op-amp to preset the current before connect it to the battery or the super cap. under test. For more explanation you can watch the video below. Parts list: LM358 : https://www.banggood.com/custlink/Dvv3hO51Df High power resistor: https://www.banggood.com/custlink/K3GvYjHwRm Digital DC Voltmeter: https://www.banggood.com/custlink/3vmDYL5TDU Copper board: https://www.banggood.com/custlink/3KDDmMsPSc MOSFET IRFZ44N : https://goo.gl/35n5Tb Potentiometer 100K : https://goo.gl/dKnWCj Resistor kit (10 Ohm): https://goo.gl/TgSaff Heatsink: https://www.banggood.com/custlink/D3KGdOSmzf Circuit: Gerber file: Download the Gerber file from here: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Lx8xjfkyYPvvzAbA0ponFBYBTQDqrMvU Video: For more explanation you can watch the video below...
Relay coil after switch ON needs to voltage much lower than its nominal voltage, We can use this property of relay to saving 85% of the power to increase the battery life in battery powered circuits. To reduce the current / power consumption we can put a resistor through the relay coil, but since this low current not enough to running the relay at the beginning so we should short out the resistor for 1 second, then the relay switch keep going. You have to use this formula to calculate the suitable resistor value: For more explanations please watch this video:
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