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Relay coil after switch ON needs to voltage much lower than its nominal voltage,  We can use this property of relay to saving 85% of the power to increase the battery life in battery powered circuits. To reduce the current / power consumption we can put a resistor through the relay coil, but since this low current not enough to running the relay at the beginning so we should short out the resistor for 1 second, then the relay switch keep going.  You have to use this formula to calculate the suitable resistor value: For more explanations please watch this video:   

Photocell or auto dark activated switch using for running garden or street lights in the night and turns them OFF at the day time automatically so it helps to power saving. The traditional photocell has two problems: 1-Standby power loss (around 1.6W) 2-Has 3 wires which is difficult to install I designed and make a new circuit that haven't those two problems. Parts list: IC 4093 SCR c106m LDR Bridge diode 4A Resistor 1M Resistor 30K Zener diode 9.1V 1/4W Circuit diagram: Important notes: 1- For this circuit you can only use SCR with sensitive gates such as BT169 or C106M 2- The IC used in this circuit is 4093 because it is micro-power IC , you can't use other NAND or NOT gate ICs.  3- Max. Load this circuit can handle is depend on SCR and bridge diode. The circuit can handle about 4A if used SCR C106M and 4A Bridge diode. 4- This circuit deal with 110/220V AC so can be very dangerous if you touch any component in the circuit. Video:

Many people forgets the bathroom and toilet lamps in ON state, absolutely this causes increasing electric bill and even decrease lamps lifespan. This circuit is a simple way to turning ON and OFF the bathroom or toilet lamp automatically without using microcontroller. The circuit based on the counter IC4017 and laser. when a person go to bathroom his body cut the laser ray that is focused on the LDR in another side of the door frame, connecting and disconnecting the laser ray changed the LDR electric resistance and giving a positive signal to pin14 of the IC4017 through transistor 2N2222, since pin4 jumped to reset pin (pin15) so the output selector will be changed between pin3 and pin2. Pin3 run the transistor to running the relay. Two LEDs showing ON state and OFF state. 330 ohm resistor used to LEDs protection by giving 15mA current to them. You can use any other NPN transistor rather than 2N2222 such as BC547, C9013, 2N5551, etc.  This circuit is suitable for light switching fo...

Many peoples forgets the Room lamps in running state when nobody in the room, this causes increasing electric bill or battery energy losing in solar home. This Arduino project is a visitor counter that turns OFF the lamp when nobody in the room automatically, it also can used for lamps of bathroom, toilet, kitchen, etc. Visitor counter can makes by using different types of sensors, such as IR ray, Ultrasonic, Avoidance sensor, Laser ray, etc. Here i used Laser because the laser has long distance range, Avoidance sensor is very easy to use but its distance rang is lower than 30cm. You can make this project with LCD display for showing the numbers of people in the room but as you can see in the video i don't used display because its not important for me, any way the code is same with or without display. This project help to power consumption optimizing.  Parts list: Arduino board  1 Channel Relay module Laser diode(2 pcs) Light sensor modules(2 pcs) Adapter 5v 200mA If you want ...

New fridge models contain an alarm to notice door leaves open, it prevent energy losing. This circuit is a simple fridge door alarm that active when the fridges door leaves open for 15 seconds, this delay time depend on 10uF capacitor so you can increase this delay time by increasing the capacitor value. Alarm sound frequency depend on second capacitor value. The circuit run with 9v battery and draw 40mA when the alarm is active and lower than 10mA when it is in standby state. Its better to use a rechargeable 9v battery. Parts list: IC555 (2pcs) Buzzer LDR Resistor 1M Resistor 1.5M Resistor 100K Capacitor 10uF Capacitor 220nF Battery 9v

There are some electric appliances that must turn ON-OFF together in same time, for example TV and satellite or monitor and computer case,...etc, but sometime you forget one of them. By this circuit when you run the TV, the satellite turns on automatically and when you turns off the TV the satellite turns off automatically. The circuit is very simple, when an electric appliance with power consumption more than 10W running, the voltage through diodes 1N5408 increased and the optocoupler runs the relay for switching the second device. You can use this circuit for any other devices such as desktop computer parts. It help to electric consumption optimization. Parts list: Diode 1N5408(3pcs) Diode 1N4007 Zener diode 24v 1W Bridge diode 1A Optocoupler PC 817 Relay 12v Resistor 270 ohm 1W Capacitor 470nF 250v Capacitor 100uF 50v Capacitor 22uF 25v

This circuit is a motion switch that can run 110/220v AC lamp up to 10A. the circuit based on PIR motion sensor module HC-SR501, however you can use any other type but must pays attention to pin configuration(Vout in some modules is the first pin). motion sensor module is very cheap, i bought  it from Aliexpress by only 0.96$ with free shipping. When you buy a PIR motion module usually it not contain LDR so if you want use it for  running the lamp by motion just in dark so you have to add the LDR to that, that is very easy as you can see in the picture there are LDR interface under PIR plastic cover. After making the circuit put it in a plastic box such as ceiling fan regulator box for electrical insulation. Parts list: PIR motion sensor HC-SR501 Transistor 2N2222 12v relay Diode 1N4007 Zener diode 12v 1W Diode bridge 1A Capacitor 220uF 25v Capacitor 330nF 400v Resistor 1k Resistor 270 ohm 2W NOTES: 1-Don't touch the circuit when it connected to electric line. 2-Even after p...

This is an automatic light switch circuit (Photocell), can run 220v lamps in night automatically up to 10A. Advantages of this circuit: 1-have 5 seconds delay time 2-can run up to 10A load 3-can use for any lamp types such as LED, CFL, low pressure sodium, high pressure sodium, ...etc. 4-adjustable light sensitivity by potentiometer Parts list: Transistor 2N5551(2pcs) Relay 12v LDR Potentiometer 25k Bridge diode 1A Zener diode 12v 1W Diode 1N4007 Capacitor 330-820uF 400v Capacitor 100uF 25v(2pcs) Resistor 270 ohm 2W Resistor 10k Resistor 2.2k Resistor 33 ohm you must put it in a small transparent plastic box for electric and moisture insulation. NOTES: 1-Don't touch the circuit when it connected to electric line. 2-Put it away from lamps light (above the lamp)  As you see in this pic. i used 3A relay rather than 10A to make the circuit small as possible since my loads consume very low current   In following video you can see step by step making this Photocell:

There are many ways to water and energy saving that help to reducing water and electric bill and also help to environment. 29 tips briefly: 1-Using LED lamps rather than CFL or incandescent lamps. 2-Using auto light switch for garden lights. that turn on your garden lamps at night and turn off that in daylight automatically. 3- Using motion sensor switch help to optimizing electric consumption. 4-Solar energy can product all or some power needed in your home 5-Using solar water heater   6-Double glazed windows work as a heat insulator so doesn't allow to heat go outside in winner and doesn't allow to heat come inside in summer. 7-Don't run air conditioner and ceiling fan together because the ceiling fan push the heat air down.   8- Always set your conditioner in auto state then choose suitable temp. that you want. in this state the conditioner stops when arrive to that temp. so help to power saving.  9-New fridge always have an incandescent lamp that consume high power a...